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Sleeping Beauty Paradox

The Most Controversial Problem in Philosophy

Noah Orion's avatar
Noah Orion
Jun 07, 2025
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Sleeping Beauty Paradox
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Do not hit the like button!
Or the dislike button—not yet.

I want you to consider a problem that’s been one of the most controversial in math and philosophy over the past 20 years. There is no consensus answer. So I want you to study to the problem and then vote for the answer you prefer using the like and dislike buttons.

Okay, here is the setup:

  1. Sleeping Beauty volunteers to be the subject of an experiment.

  2. Before it starts she’s informed of the procedure.

  3. On Sunday night she will be put to sleep.

  4. A fair coin will be flipped.

    • If it comes up heads, she’ll be awakened on Monday and then put back to sleep.

    • If it comes up tails, she will also be awakened on Monday and put back to sleep—but then she will be awakened again on Tuesday and then put back to sleep.

  5. Each time she is put back to sleep she will forget that she was ever awakened.

  6. In the brief period any time she’s awake she receives no information, but she’s asked one question:
    “What do you believe is the probability that the coin came up heads?”

So how should she answer? → Feel free to pause the reading and answer the question for yourself right now.

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